Haram al-Khalil/Tombeau des Patriarches (n.d.)
Localisation : à l’est de la vieille ville.
Réf :
Korn (2004), n°8, 10, 11
Ledoulx (1886), p.54-63
Meinecke (1992), 4/124, 4/125, 7/39, 9B/5, 9C/275,
25B/29, 37/7
Pierotti (1869b)
Vincent/Mackay/Abel (1923)
Jaussen
(1925), n°2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 28
Mayer
(1933), p.197
RCEA 4876,
4877, 5079, 796001
Sharon (2013), n°5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 29, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59
Wiet (1924), p.216-253
Historique
Le site du Tombeau des Patriarches est un ensemble architectural
construit en plusieurs phases parmi lesquelles la construction de l'enceinte
par l'empereur romain Hérode (37-4 BC), et l'église à l'intérieur qui est
transformée en mosquée. Les premières fouilles et relevés de l'édifice n'ont
lieu seulement qu'en 1920.
Au cour du Moyen Age, le site fait l’objet de nombreuses descriptions par les voyageurs musulmans (Nâsir I Khusraw, ibn Battuta) et les pèlerins Chrétiens[1].
En 1100, l’enceinte est prise par Geoffroy de Bouillon qui en fait une seigneurie. Plus tard, l’installation seigneuriale est déplacée vers une annexe fortifiée accolée au SW du Haram. Cet édifice sera utilisé comme khân, madrasa et baraquement au 19e siècle.
Période Ayyûbide
En 585/1187 la conquête de Saladin (r.564/1169-589/1193) rend le site aux Musulmans, toutefois Juifs et Chrétiens continuent d’avoir accès aux tombes jusqu’en 664/1266, où le sultan Baybars les expulsera définitivement. En 587/1191 Saladin renouvelle la fondation du Haram et construit une mosquée qui pourrait plutôt correspondre à une conversion de la basilique en mosquée, il fait aussi installer un minbar daté 484/1092 fabriqué à Ashqelon.
Il semble que seul le sultan al-Mu’azzam Isa (r.615/1218-624/1227) ait réalisé quelques travaux comme le mentionne dans les 2 seules inscriptions Ayyûbides enregistrées :
Une inscription datée 612/1215, qui mentionne ce sultan comme fondateur et octroie à l’entretien du site les villages de Dura et Kafr Barîk.
Une 2e inscription datée des années 620/1220 indique la construction d’un riwaq entre le côté est du Haram et le mur ouest de la mosquée al-Jawlîya, peut-être aussi l’œuvre d’al-Mu’azzam.
Période Mamluk
Le complexe est rénové sur l’ordre du sultan al-Zâhir Baybars (r.17 dhu’l-qa’da 658/24.X.1260 – 27 muharram 676/30.VI.1277) en safar 666/22.X-19.XI.1267, les travaux sont conduit par l’émir Jamâl al-Dîn ibn Nahâr, et concerne le renouvellement des portes et l’exécution d’une maqsûra. Après la conquête de Yafa/Jaffa, le 20 jumada II 666/6.II.1268, les travaux de restauration du lieu de pèlerinage entamés en safar 666/22.X-19.XI.1267, ont probablement lieu en même temps que la réorganisation du site.
L’installation hydraulique a été restaurée ou reconstruite, des annexes de service avec cuisine (simât), moulin, four et entrepôts sont construits par l’intendant du Lieu Saint (nâzir) Aidughdî al-Ruknî (mort en shawwal 693/25.VIII-22.IX.1294).
Suite à un arrangement du sultan al-Mansûr Qalâ’ûn (r.27 rajab 678/3.XII.1279 – 6 dhu’l-qa’da 689/10.XI.1290) le tombeau d’Abraham/Khalil est doté d’un décor le 1 rajab 685/23.VIII.1286 ; la porte reçoit de nouveaux montages de cuivre et le plancher un placage de marbre en 686/1287-88.
Durant son premier règne, le sultan al-Nâsir Muhammad (r.6 jumada I 698/9.II.1299 – 22 shawwal 708/4.IV.1309) entreprend la restauration du tombeau de Jacob/Ya’qûb en 699/1299-1300, il conduit aussi le renouvellement de l’épigraphie. En 718/1318, débute la construction de la mosquée al-Jawlîya. En 732/1331 sous son troisième règne (r.30 ramadan 709/3.III.1310 – 21 dhu’l-hijja 741/7.VI.1341) le sultan confie à Saif al-Dîn Tankiz, alors gouverneur de Damas[2], l’équipement des salles de la mosquée du Haram avec des inscrustations de marbre. A l’occasion de ces travaux une petite coupole sur quatre colonnes est construite sur l’entrée de la grotte.
Plus tard sous le 2e règne du sultan al-Zâhir Barqûq (r.14 muharram 792/2.I.1390 – 15 shawwal 801/20.VI.1399), l’intendant (nâzir) Shihâb al-Dîn Ahmad al-Yaghmûrî a fait séparer la partie sud-ouest de la cour avec des arcades et une partie du mur extérieur a été voûté, il a fait inséré une niche à prière, a fait ouvrir un accès au tombeau de Joseph/Yûsuf et a rajouté une coupole par-dessus. Ces travaux semblent achevés en ramadan 796/30.VI-29.VII.1394. Un texte de waqf et un décret portent aussi la même date. Le sultan al-Ashraf Inâl (r.8 rabi’I 857/19.III.1453 – 14 jumada I 865/25.II.1461) fait aussi rénover l’entrée est du mur qibla en 859/1454-1455.
D’autres inscriptions mentionnent des travaux de restaurations, des textes coraniques et des décrets. Elles sont conservées dans un magasin servant à stocker l’huile (al-mazyatah) et au Musée de la ville.
L’accès reste interdit aux non Musulmans jusqu’au 19e siècle. La première étude et lever de plan est exécuté par Badia Y Leyblich (Alî Bey) vers 1816. Pierotti fourni un plan plus précis avec la mosquée attenante entre 1854 et 1861. En 1882 visite de Conder et Kitchener[3], en 1885 l’administration Ottomane autorise un inventaire avec un nouveau plan publié l’année suivante[4]. L’étude de McKay, en 1919, rejoint par H. Vincent aboutira à une grande publication[5].
Epigraphie
612/1215. Texte de construction et de fondation 11 lignes (85x46) sur Bâb al-Hadrâh, entrée principale (inscription n°1)[6].
« Basmallâh. This is
what has ordered to make our lord, the sultan al-Malik al-Mu’azzam Sharaf
al-dunya wa’l-dîn Abû al-‘Aza’îm ‘Isa, the son of our lord al-Malik al-‘Adîl
Sayf al-Dîn Abû Bakr ibn Ayyûb the friend of the commander of the faithfull,
may Allâh perpetuate their government and elevate their authority. In addition
to what he has endowed and consecrated and donated for the sacred shrine which
contains the tombs of the Prophets, peace be on them, namely the entire two
villages which are know as Dûrâ and Kafr Burayk within their borders and extensions
as it is stated in detail in the document of the waqf, for the repair of the
mentioned sanctuary (mashhad) and for the wages of its servants and the
(purchase) of wheat for providing hospitlity to its visitors and for its
covering cloth, and for its heating. It is an everlasting waqf and an
inviolable endowment ‘until Allâh inherits the earth and everyone upon it’ ‘
and he is the best of heirs’. May Allâh accept this from him and forgive him
and his parents and all the Muslims and may Allâh bless Muhammad, the seal of
the Prophets. And that (took place) on the first of muharram 612 (Mai
1215) ».
621-624/1224-1227. Texte de construction 7 lignes (50x32) sur la porte du corridor menant à la mosquée al-Jawlîya (inscription n°2)[7].
« Basmallâh. This
portico is what has been constructed in the days of our lord the sultan
al-Malik al-Mu’azzam Sharaf al-Dîn ‘Isa, the son of our lord the sultan
al-Malik al-‘Adîl Sayf al-Dîn Abû Bakr ibn Ayyûb may Allâh sanctify his soul,
under the supervision of the poor servant (of Allâh) Sa’d al-Dîn Mas’ûd ibn
‘Umar ibn As’ad Bak in the month muharram (in the year) 621 (janvier-février
1224) ».
685/1286. Texte de construction sur bandeaux en cuivre cloué sur les battants des portes menant du porche vers le vestibule entre les salles d’Abraham et de Sarah (inscription n°3)[8].
Bandeau haut :
« Coran IV,
125-126 ».
Bandeau bas :
« Has ordered the
building of this door (which is located) at the tomb of our father Ibrahîm
al-Khalîl, may the most excellent blessing and peace be on him, our lord the
sultan al-Malik al-Mansûr Qalawûn the mamluk of (al-Malik) al-Sâlih the
associate of the Commander of the
Faithfull in the first day of (ghurrah)
rajab ‘the single’ (al-fard), in the year
685 (23.VIII.1286), may his victory be glorified ».
685/1286. Texte de construction sur les anneaux de cuivre de la porte (inscription n°4)[9].
« Has ordered the
building of this door over the (tomb) of our father Ibrahîm al-Khalîl, God
bless him and grant him peace, our lord the sultan al-Malîk al-Mansûr Qalawûn,
the mamluk of al-Malîk al-Sâlih ».
« Has ordered the building of this blessed door over the (tomb) of our father Ibrahîm al-Khalîl, may Allâh bless him and grant him peace, our lord the sultan al-Malîk al-Mansûr, the sword of the religion, Qalawûn, the Mamluk of al-Malîk al-Sâlih ».
686/1287. Texte de construction 2 lignes (151x40), sur le linteau de la porte menant à la chambre d’Abraham (inscription n°5)[10].
« Has ordered the
tilling of this noble chamber, our lord the sultan, his Excellency, the sword
of the world and religion, Qalawûn the Mamluk of al-Malîk al-Sâlih may Allâh
glorify his victory and multiply his reward. In the year 686 (1287) ».
693/1293-709/1309. Texte de construction 1 ligne (420x20) sur un petit dôme (inscription n°6)[11].
« The constrcution of
this blessed dome has been ordered during the days of our lord the sultan
al-Malîk al-Nâsir, Nâsir al-dunya wa’l-dîn Muhammad ibn Qalawûn the mamluk of
al-Sâlih, may his victory be glorified. O Allâh ! Oh thou who know what
shall be ! Strengthen with Thy help our lord the sultan Muhammad ibn
Qalawûn ».
Fin 7e/13e. Texte de fondation 5 lignes (138x43) sur la porte menant de la chambre d’Abraham et de Sarah vers la mosquée (inscription n°7)[12].
« Basmallâh. This is
what the king of the Muslims, may Allâh protect them with (his) mercy, made a
waqf, consecrated, permanently endowed and donated for the Noble Sanctuary that
encloses the tomb of our master al-Khalîl and the prophets, peace be on them –
wishing to gain Allâh’s favour and hoping for his forgiveness – the estates
mentioned hereafter as a whole ; these are the villages of Dûrâ and Kafr
Burayk, and Dayr Safwan, and Khursa, and Idna and Halhûl in their entirety. And
from the village of Tayyibat al-Ism and what is outside it – Dayr ‘Asfîn
(‘Isfîn) situated in the coastal ara of Qaqûn eight lots and two fifths of a lot
out of 24 lots and half the village of Zakarrîya which belongs to the
sub-district of noble Jerusalem. (The income from all this property) is
dedicated to meet the needs of the Noble Sanctuary, and the payment of the
salary of its servants, and its free meal (simât)
and for entertaining its visitors, and for its cloth clover (kiswa), and for its lightning and for
its repair and the repair of the sanctuary of Lût (Lod) and Yûnus and al-Yaqîn,
peace ve on them and their lighting and the salaries of their servants ;
as well as the village of Artas (belonging to) the sub-district of Jerusalem,
and the village of al-Unqur (are also dedicated) as an endowment for the Noble
Sanctuary and its ribat and its hospital and its ablution basin. It is an
eternal waqf and sanctified endowment until ‘Allâh inherits the earth and what
is on it’ (Coran XIX, 40) for ‘He is the best of inheritors (Coran XXI, 89).
May Allâh in his compassion, accept from them (this benevolent deed) ».
707/1305. Texte de restauration 2 lignes (190x40) sur le mur qui sépare le cénotaphe de Jacob de celui de Lea (inscription n°8)[13].
« This tiraz has
been renovated in the days of our lord the sultan, the sovereign al-Malîk
al-Nâsir Nâsir al-dunya wa’l-dîn Muhammad, the son of the sultan the martyr
al-Malîk al-Mansûr Sayf al-dunya wa’l-dîn, may his victory be glorified, in the
year 707 (1305) ».
707/1305. Bandeau décoratif dans la chambre de Jacob[14].
« Coran II,
127-133 »
720/1320. Texte de construction (510x32) sous le plafond du corridor séparant le mur est et la mosquée al-Jawlîya (inscription n°9)[15].
« Established in the
days of our lord the sultan al-Malîk al-Nâsir, the defender of the world and
the religion Muhammad – may Allâh perpetuate his rule – the son of our lord the
martyr sultan al-Malîk al-Mansûr Qalawûn, the mamluk of al-Sâlih (Ayyûb), may
Allâh shelter him with His grace. (The work was) supervised by the slave who is
in the need of Allâh, the Exalted, Sanjâr ibn ‘Abdallâh the mamluk of al-Nâsir
Muhammad. (He paid for it) from his own funds, may Allâh pardon him. He spent
on it nothing from the funds of the Haram. It was written on rabi’II, the year
720 of the prophetic hijrah (11.V.1320) ».
720/1320. Texte de construction 4 lignes (50x40) sur la porte du corridor sud menant à la Jawlîya (inscription n°10)[16].
« Basmallâh. Has built
this blessed portico for the purpose of the distribution of food in it, the
needy of Allâh, the Exalted, Sanjar ibn ‘Abdallâh the mamluk of al-Nâsir
(Muhammad) using his own funds, spending on it nothing from the funds of the
sanctuary (endowments) wishing (to attain) the satisfaction of Allâh, the
Exalted. It was written in jumada I, the year 720 (début juin 1320) ».
mi 8e/14e. Haram et M al-Jawlîya, divers fragments de textes coraniques hauteur standard (33cm), conservés dans une salle de stockage al-mazyatah (inscription n°11)[17].
« Coran I, 1-5 ;
II, 124-126, 132, 286 ; XXIX, 45 ; XXXIII, 22, 24, 44, 48 ;
XLIX, 21 ; XVII, 78, 80 ; XVI, 120-121 ; IX, 18 ; XXIV,
36-38 ; XXXVII, 93-94, 95-96 ; XXVI, 74-76, 73-74 ; IX,
18 ; XXIV, 36 ; III, 174 ; IX, 21 ; XXXV, 29, 31, 34 ;
XXXVI, 8, 83 ; X, 10 ; III, 68, 171-174 ; IX, 21 ; III,
194-195 ».
720/1320. Textes coraniques (150x33) sur la porte sud de la tombe de Joseph (inscription n°12, ill.8)[18].
« Coran XXVI, 69-87 ».
732/1332. Texte de construction 4 lignes (58x31) à l’intérieur sur le mur est à l’angle sud-est (inscription n°13)[19].
« The construction of
this blessed marble has been ordened in the days of our lord the sultan
al-Malîk al-Nâsir, the defender of the world and the religion, Muhammad the son
of Qalawûn under the supreme command of the amîr Sayf al-Dîn Tankiz the mamluk
of al-Nâsir the governor of the noble provinces of al-Sham, may Allâh reward
him with paradise, during the months of the year 732 (1331-1332) ».
732/1332. Texte de construction (675x32) encerclant les murs de la tombe d’Issac (inscription n°14)[20].
« Basmallâh. Coran
XXXVII, 112. This is the tomb of Isaac, the prophet of Allâh, the son of our
master al-Khalîl, blessing and peace be upon him. It was renewed (in the days
of our lord the sultan al-Malîk) al-Nâsir by the sublime command of Sayf al-Dîn
(Tankîz) the governor of the noble
provinces of the (divinely) protected Syria ».
732/1332. Texte de construction (585x32) encerclant les murs de la tombe de Rebecca (inscription n°15)[21].
« Basmallâh. Coran
XXXIII, 33. This is the tomb of Rebecca, the wife of Isaac, the son of Abraham,
Allâh’s blessings on both of them. It was renewed in the time of our lord, the
sultan al-Malîk al-Nâsir (Muahmmad), may Allâh glorify his victories, (by the
sublime command of Sayf al-Dîn (Tankîz) the governor of the noble provinces of
the (devinely) protected Syria) ».
732/1332. Texte de construction 2 lignes (50x20) conservé dans une salle du Haram (inscription n°16)[22].
« Basmallâh. Praise be
to Allâh who resurrected tis (place after its destruction ?... and he
clothed it with the best ?) garments and dressed it with nex cloth (made)
of the beauty of marble (and he encircled it …) ».
732/1332. Textes coraniques entourant les murs de la chambre funéraire d'Abraham (inscription n°17)[23].
« Coran II, 124-125 ; XVI, 120-123 ;
IV, 125-126 ».
789/1387. Texte de construction (27x33) conservé dans une salle de stockage al-mazyatah (inscription n°18)[24].
« Basmallâh. … during
the governorship of his Most Noble Excellence ‘Alâ al-Dîn Altunbugha al-Jûbânî
the governor of the (devinely protected province of) Damascus may Allâh glorifu
his victories. Under the supervision of the slave who is in need for Allâh, the
Exalted, his High Magisterial Excellency Nâsir al-Dîn Muhammad, the son of his
Excellency the late Sayf al-Dîn Bahadûr (al-Fakhrî, the Mamluk of al-Malîk
al-Zâhir Barqûq the governor of Jerusalem) and inspector of the two (Noble)
Sanctuaries (of Jerusalem and Hebron) (may Allâh glorify his victories, during
the days of our lord the sultan) al-Malîk al-Zâhir (Abû Sa’îd Barqûq may Allâh
eternalize his rule on date of … (day and month) 789 (1387) ».
796/1394. Texte de waqf 5 lignes (215 et 154x33) sur le linteau de Bâb al-Ishâqîya (inscription n°19)[25].
« Basmallâh. This is
what has endowed as a waqf and confined and dedicated, desiring the (divine)
reward and wishing to receive that which Allâh has in store for the Day of
Return, when Allâh rewards the charitable (Coran IX, 120), our lord the sultan,
the ruler, al-Malîk al-Zâhir Sayf al-dunya wa’l-dîn, the sultan of Islam and
Muslims, the reviver of justice in the worlds, the owner of the routes to the
two qibla, the servant of the two noble sanctuaries (Mecca and Medina), the
master of the kings and the sultans, the partner of the Commander of the
Faithful Abû Sa’îd Barqûq the son of the blessed, the martyr Sharaf al-dunya
wa’l-dîn Abû Ma’alî Anas, may Allâh eternalize his (Barqûq’s) reign and grant
victoiry to his troops and his armies and his helpers, and cause his generosity
and godliness and righteousness to overflow and engulf everybody. (He
established the endowment) with pure and righteous intention, and consciously
seeking the good deed. And it (the waqf) is th e village which is know as Dayr
Istîya, pertaining to the sub-district of the (blissfully) populated Nablûs,
(the income from which is) for the blessed meals (simât) innthe noble sanctuary, the sanctuary of our lord al-Khalîl,
blessing and peace on him, dedicated only for what is required for the
provisions of the aforementionned meals, namely flour and lentils and oil and
stipulating that not even one dirham from the income of the waqf is spent for
anything else, after the cancellation of what the aforementionned village was
charged with, paying the office holders and others for whom something had been
charged to the village.
This is, in its complete
totality, an authentic and legal esteemed waqf, eternal, perpetual throughout
the passage of the months, the days and the years and the ages ; the
repetition and recurrence wil not change it, and the alteration of days and nights
will not substitute it. (Coran II, 181). It is in accordance with the noble
(sultanic) decree which arrived by the hand of his Excellency Sayf al-Dîn
Yalbugha al-Salimî al-Khasikî (!), the mamluk of al-Zâhir (Barqûq) addressed to
his Excellency Sayf al-Dîn Jantamûr, the Mamluk of al-Zâhir (Barqûq) the
inspector of the two Noble Sanctuaries, may their victories be glorified, and
may Allâh bless our master Muhammad. Its date is 17 rabi’I 796
(20.I.1394) ».
796/1394. Décret 7 lignes (85x40) dans un couloir au sud-est du portique ouest (inscription n°20)[26].
« Basmallâh. (The
inscription on) this slab was made in the days of our lord the sultan al-Malîk
al-Zâhir Barqûq, may Allâh eternalize his rule, on the order of his high
Excellency, Shihâb al-Dîn Ahmad al-Yaghmûrî, the Mamluk of al-Malîk al-Zâhir
Barqûq, the governor in Jerusalem and the Sanctuary (maqâm) of al-Khalîl, peace
be on him, and the inspector of the twon
Noble Sanctuaries (in Jerusalem and Hebron), may Allâh glorify is victories. He
(arrived) in the city of Hebron and demonstrated justice. He abolished the
‘arrival’ (qudûm) duties which the
former governors used to impose on the land, the amount of which was 1000
dirhams, as well as the ‘arrival’ duties of 1000 dirhams which the others
officials (al-khuddâm) in the city of
al-Khalîl, peace be on him, also used to collect. He also abolished that (duty)
which aws imposed on cooking pots (qudûr)
and firewood (hatab) as well as the
tax which used to be collected from Christians and Jews and he ended altogether
the pressing of wine because of its harm (?) may Allâh glorify his
victories. He proclaimed God through justice and equity, uprooting oppression
and innovated acts of tyranny, so that no one oppresses the other, and that
none of the farmers is wronged (yujram)
and troubled by being one day charged with a certain amount which is doubled
the next. And nothing else (should be demanded) from the rest of the populace
for our lord the sultan al-Malîk al-Zâhir may Allâh, the Exalted, eternalize
his rule and sultante … (in) the month of sha’ban 796 (mai 1394) ».
802/1399. Texte de construction 2 lignes (140x20) sur la porte nord, Bâb Yûsuf (inscription n°21)[27].
« Basmallâh. Has ordered
the opening of the door of Master Yûsuf, the prophet of Allâh ; my Allâh
bless him and give him peace, after it had been blocked and abandonned, has
ordered to return it to its former state and open it His Noble Excellency, the
illustrious Shihâd al-Dîn al-Jurjanî (?), the (governor) viceroy of the exalted
sultanate and the inspector of the two Noble Sanctuaries may his victory be
glorified. On 10rabi’I 802 (10.X.1399) »
859/1454. Haram, texte de restauration sur 2 bandes de cuivre (78x13 et 86x13) sur les battants de Bâb al-Ishaqîya au tombeau de Sarah (inscription n°22)[28].
« Has renewed this
blessed door, our lord the sultan al-Malîk al-Ashraf Inâl, may Allâh eternalize
his rule, under the supervision of His Excellency ‘Izz al-Dîn the inspector of
the two Noble Sanctuaries and this was in the year 859 (1454) ».
859/1454. Haram, texte du Coran sur 2 disques de cuivre sur les battants de Bâb al-Ishaqîya au tombeau de Sarah (inscription n°23)[29].
« Coran, XXXIX,
73-74 ; XLVIII, 1-3 ».
861/1456. Texte de construction, 6 lignes (60x36), conservée dans une salle de stockage al-mazyatah (inscription n°24)[30].
« Basmallâh.
Coran XXX, 50. This blessed canal was restored, fom its source until the
sanctuary of our master al-Khalîl, peace be on him, for the purpose of
(serving) the noble khalîlî simât, and the noble lockable installations
thereof, in the days of our lord the sultan al-Malîk al-Ashraf Abû-l-Nasr Inâl,
may Allâh eternalize his rule. This (was accomplished) under the supervision of
His most Illustrious Excellency ‘Izz al-Dîn the inspector of the two Noble
Sanctuaries ‘Abd al-‘Azîz al-‘Iraqî, may Allâh glorify his victories, on 25 of
the month of rajab ‘the single’ 861 (17.VI.1457).
865/1461. Texte coranique sur le mihrâb (inscription n°25)[31].
« Coran II, 144 ».
881/1476. Décret, 4 lignes (64x50) conservé au Musée d’Hébron, anciennement sur la porte est (inscription n°26)[32].
« Basmallâh. Has decreed
our lord, the ruling sultan al-Malîk al-Ashraf, Abû al-Nasr Qaitbay, may his
victoiry be glorified, the abolishment of the innovated unjust taxes in the
mountain of Noble Jerusalem and the mountain of al-Khalîl, peace be on him, namely
the iqamâ, and the custom duty called
tu’mah and other (levies), imposed on
the merchandise imported to the city of our master al-Khalîl. And that neither
the market inspector nor any other (fonctionary) in the city of al-Khalîl may
oppose !. On 19 muharram 881 (14.V.1476) ».
881/1476. Installations domestiques, texte de construction 3 lignes (100x29) conservé dans une salle de stockage al-mazyatah (inscription n°27)[33].
« Basmallâh. Has
initiated the reconstruction of these honourable renewed storehouses including
the hall and the honourable bakery, and the door of the honourable Khalilî
storehouses, blessing and peace be on their patron, during the days of our lord
the sultan al-Malîk al-Ashraf Qaitbay, may Allâh eternalize his ruleunder the
supervision of His most noble excellency, Nâsir al-Dîn the inspector of the two
Noble Sanctuaries, may Allâh assist him on new year’s day 881
(26.IV.1476) ».
n.d. Inscription, 7 lignes (60x39) sur le pilier à droite de la porte donnant accès au Haram (inscription n°28)[34].
« Au sanctuaire de
l’ancêtre des prophètes appartient une dignité au-dessus de laquelle n’existe
aucune dignité pour ceux qui s’élèvent.
L’a visité le walî de Damas,
le gouverneur de notre région en un pèlerinage qui mérite le pardon.
As-Sayyd al-Jatahjî ( ?)
Abdallâh Muysir al-hajj par qui les temps sont heureux.
Et pour obtenir la faveur, il
voulut construire et voûter deux iwans : ce fut bien.
Et par son ordre, la
construction fut surveillée par ‘Abd al-Latif, surintendant de Jérusalem :
que la Miséricorde le récompense !
Les marques du succès
constituent son acceptation même ; écris une date au singulier :
ceci, un argument.
En conséquence, les signes de
l’acceptation sont manifestes, et la démonstration est éclatante ».
Biblio complémentaire
Pringle
(1993), n°100
MWNF
(2004), p.202-204
Petersen
(2004b), p.359-382
Kenney
(2006), p.175-200
Mols
(2006), n°4
Kenney
(2009), p.139-151
Sharon (2013)
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1/ plan du Haram avec localisation des inscriptions |
2/ le Haram vue du sud-ouest |
3/ le Haram vue du sud-ouest |
4/ façade ouest du Haram |
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5/ façade sud du Haram |
6/ le tombeau de Joseph sur le mur ouest |
7/ porte sud du tombeau de Joseph |
8/ l'inscription coranique datée 720/1320 |
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9/ le minaret nord-ouest |
10/ le minaret sud-est |
11/ inscription |
Documents anciens
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Vue du Haram Source : Bartlett (1847) |
Plan et relevé du Haram Source : Pierotti (1864) |
